![]() ![]() et al. showed that the incidence of aspiration pneumonia was 18% in nursing home patients and 15% in community-acquired aspiration pneumonia. A case-control study conducted by Marrie T.J. In a study conducted on the elderly population aged older than 65 who underwent cardiovascular surgery, the incidence of aspiration pneumonia was found to be 9.8%, with 12 out of 123 patients having aspiration pneumonia post-extubation. The study also showed that CURB 65, a predictor of mortality in Community-acquired pneumonia, is not a reliable tool for aspiration pneumonia. Aspiration pneumonia remains one of the common complications following general anesthesia and occurs in one in every 2000 to 30000 cases. A retrospective study done on 628 patients with aspiration pneumonia by Lanspa et al. Several studies showed that aspiration pneumonia contributes to 5 to 15% of all community-acquired pneumonia. Risk Factorsĭue to the lack of biomarkers, epidemiological studies to find the incidence of aspiration pneumonia have been difficult. The major anaerobes isolated were Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and Peptostreptococcus. In hospital-acquired aspiration pneumonia, common etiology includes gram-negative organisms, specifically Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which has to be considered. A prospective study in 95 patients showed that gram-negative bacilli contributed to 49%, followed by anaerobes (16%). Although the common organisms involved in the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia are Streptococci, Haemophilus, and gram-negative bacilli, the etiology of aspiration pneumonia depends on the content of aspirate. The common risk factors for aspiration include altered mental status, neurologic disorders, esophageal motility disorders, protracted vomiting, and gastric outlet obstruction. Nursing Diagnosisįailure of the natural defense mechanisms like the closure of the glottis and cough reflex increases the risk of aspiration. The mortality rate from aspiration pneumonia is largely dependent on the volume and content of aspirate and can range up to 70%. In an observational study, it is found that the risk of patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia in developing aspiration pneumonia is found to be about 13.8%. The term aspiration pneumonitis refers to inhalational acute lung injury that occurs after aspiration of sterile gastric contents. The aspirated fluid can be formed from oropharyngeal secretions or particulate matter or can also be gastric content. The infectious pulmonary process that occurs after abnormal entry of fluids into the lower respiratory tract is termed aspiration pneumonia. Describe the complications of aspiration pneumonia.Recall the nursing care in patients with aspiration pneumonia.Describe the presentation of aspiration pneumonia.List the risk factors for aspiration pneumonia.Many of these risk factors occur in critically ill hospitalised patients, so regular monitoring for changes in respiratory function is paramount. Aspiration pneumonitis and aspiration of contaminated material can both lead to aspiration pneumonia, the term used to describe the presumed secondary infection ( Tart et al, 2010).Īspiration pneumonia is usually associated with an underlying disease and there are several predisposing risk factors: Aspiration of gastric acid is an aseptic injury, but this adversely affects the lung's defences against infection, predisposing the lung to secondary infection ( Tart et al, 2010). Aspiration of contaminated material can cause aspiration pneumonitis, which is the pulmonary injury that occurs after an aspiration event. It is caused by the inhalation of foreign matter (such as gastric contents, hydrocarbons, chemicals or water) into the larynx and lower respiratory tract. Aspiration pneumonia is a disease that can occur in both canine and feline patients, however it is far more common in canines.
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